In 1984, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, as well as the Penner Report, resulted in the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act, the first piece of Indigenous self-government legislation in Canada, which replaced the Indian Act and established Indigenous communities in the region as corporate entities.
When did indigenous self-government start?
In 1995, the federal government officially recognized that Indigenous groups have an inherent right of self-government within section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
What was the first modern Indigenous treaty in Canada?
the James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement
This decision led to the development of the Comprehensive Land Claims Policy and the first modern treaty, the James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement signed in 1975. Since 1975, Canada has signed 25 additional treaties (called modern treaties or comprehensive land claim agreements) with Indigenous groups in Canada.
What was the original legislation that recognized the treaty rights of Indigenous people?
Indigenous peoples have a special constitutional relationship with the Crown. This relationship, including existing Aboriginal and treaty rights, is recognized and affirmed in section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
What was the name of the legislation passed in Canada in 1883 that outlawed many Indigenous rituals?
The “Potlatch Law” & Section 141
One of the most famous examples of this oppression and subsequent resistance and adaptation is known as the “Potlatch Law.” In 1884, the federal government banned potlatches under the Indian Act, with other ceremonies such as the sun dance to follow in the coming years.
What did the Constitution Act of 1982 do for Indigenous peoples?
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 explicitly recognizes and affirms the existing Aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. Section 35 also indicates that the term “Aboriginal peoples of Canada” includes the First Nation, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.
Which was the first Aboriginal group to gain land rights from the federal government?
Yolngu people
The modern land rights movement started with the 1963 Yolngu Bark Petition, when Yolngu people from the remote settlement of Yirrkala, in north-east Arnhem Land, petitioned the federal government to have their land and rights given back.
What is the first policy that impacts Indigenous people?
In 1984, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, as well as the Penner Report, resulted in the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act, the first piece of Indigenous self-government legislation in Canada, which replaced the Indian Act and established Indigenous communities in the region as corporate entities.
How did the 1967 referendum affect Indigenous?
On 27 May 1967, Australians voted to change the Constitution so that like all other Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples would be counted as part of the population and the Commonwealth would be able to make laws for them.
Who was the first Indigenous lawyer in Canada?
Delia Opekokew is a Cree lawyer and writer from the Canoe Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan, Canada. She was the first First Nations woman lawyer to ever be admitted to the bar association in Ontario and in Saskatchewan, as well as the first woman ever, to run for the leadership of the Assembly of First Nations.
What is the name of the first legislative act responsible for the removal of many Indigenous civil rights?
1915—Amendments to the New South Wales Aborigines Protection Act 1909 result in the government-sanctioned practice of removing Indigenous children from their family at any time, without having to establish their neglect through the court.
What is the legislation for Aboriginal?
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (ATSIHP Act) enables the Australian Government to protect cultural heritage under threat, if state or territory laws have failed to protect it.
What laws protect Indigenous people in Canada?
In Canada, anti-discrimination legislation exists to protect and advocate for the human rights of Aboriginal peoples. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Canadian Human Rights Act – including the repeal of section 67 – are dedicated to maintaining every individual’s rights under the law.
What did the Native Title Act 1998 do?
The Native Title Act sets out processes for native title groups to negotiate agreements with other parties in relation to the use of land and waters. A key agreement-making mechanism under the Native Title Act is an agreement known as an Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA).
What did the Aboriginal rights Act 1976?
In December 1976 the federal parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act. It was the first legislation in Australia that enabled First Nations peoples to claim land rights for Country where traditional ownership could be proven.
What does the Native Title Act passed in 1993 provide for indigenous people?
Native title is the recognition that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have rights and interests to land and waters according to their traditional law and customs as set out in Australian Law. Native Title is governed by the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth).
How did Section 127 of the Constitution affect aboriginal people?
Section 127 of the Constitution was titled ‘Aborigines not to be counted in reckoning population’ and stated: ‘In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted.
What is the difference between the Constitution Act of 1867 and 1982?
Rather than being an entirely new constitution, the 1982 act is an amendment of the 1867 BNA (renamed ‘Constitution Act, 1867’), and keeps the same governmental structure in place. The executive authority is formally vested in the Queen and exercised by the Governor-General.
What did the Constitution Act of 1982 give the Canadian people?
In addition to patriating the Constitution, the Constitution Act, 1982 enacted the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; guaranteed rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada; provided for future constitutional conferences; and set out the procedures for amending the Constitution in the future.
What was the first policy that gave the government power to control the lives of Aboriginal people?
1905. The Aborigines Act (WA) is passed. Under this law, the Chief Protector is made the legal guardian of every Aboriginal and ‘half-caste’ child under 16 years old. In the following years, other states and territories enact similar laws.
What was the first Aboriginal protest called?
The Day of Mourning
The Day of Mourning was a protest held by Aboriginal Australians on 26 January 1938, the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet, which marked the beginning of the colonisation of Australia.